API STANDARD , WHY ONLY USED IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

The American Petroleum Institute, commonly referred to as API, is the main U.S trade association for the oil and natural gas industry, representing about 400 corporations involved in production, refinement, distribution, and many other aspects of the petroleum industry. The association’s chief functions on behalf of the industry include advocacy and negotiation with governmental, legal, and regulatory agencies; research into economic, toxicological, and environmental effects; establishment and certification of industry standards; and education outreach.[2] API both funds and conducts research related to many aspects of the petroleum industry

Standards and certification

API distributes more than 200,000 copies of its publications each year. The publications, technical standards, and electronic and online products are designed to help users improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of their operations, comply with legislative and regulatory requirements, and safeguard health, ensure safety, and protect the environment. Each publication is overseen by a committee of leading industry professionals. API's publications are developed by member company engineers and other professionals.

For example, API 610 is the specification for centrifugal pumps, API 675 is the specification for controlled volume positive displacement pumps, both packed-plunger and diaphragm types are included. Diaphragm pumps that use direct mechanical actuation are excluded. API 677 is the standard for gear units and API 682 governs mechanical seals.

API also defines the industry standard for the energy conservation of motor oil. API SN is the latest specification to which motor oils intended for spark-ignited engines should adhere since 2010. It supersedes API SM.[3] Different specifications exist for compression-ignited engines.

API provides vessel codes and standards for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels that help safeguard the lives of people and environments all over the world.

API also defines and drafts standards for measurement for manufactured products such as:
Precision thread gauges
Plain plug and ring gauges
Thread measuring systems
Metrology and industrial supplies
Measuring instruments
Custom gauges
Precision machining and grinding
ISO 17025 registered calibration

API has entered petroleum industry nomenclature in a number of areas:
API gravity, a measure of the density of petroleum.
API number, a unique identifier applied to each petroleum exploration or production well drilled in the United States.
API unit, a standard measure of natural gamma radiation measured in a borehole.
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Education outreach

In addition to training industry workers and conducting seminars, workshops, and conferences on public policy, API develops and distributes materials and curricula for schoolchildren and educators. The association also maintains a website, Classroom Energy.

In the second half of 2008, as the US presidential election neared, API began airing a series of television ads where spokeswoman Brooke Alexander encourages people to visit their new website, EnergyTomorrow.org API does not use their own name in the ads but does call themselves "The People of America's Oil and Natural Gas Industry."
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Lobbying

API has spent more than $3 million annually for each the last five years (2005 to 2009) on lobbying, and $3.6 million in 2009.[4] In API’s latest quarterly “Lobbying Report” submitted to the US Senate, the organization reported that it had 16 lobbyists supporting it to lobby on various Congressional activities.[5]

API conducts lobbying and organizes its member employees' attendance at public events to communicate the industry's position on various issues. A leaked summer 2009 memo from API President Jack Gerard, asked its member companies to urge their employees to participate in planned protests (designed to appear independently organized) against the cap-and-trade legislation the House passed that same summer. "The objective of these rallies is to put a human face on the impacts of unsound energy policy and to aim a loud message at [20 different] states," including Florida, Georgia, and Pennsylvania. Gerard went on to assure recipients of the memo that API will cover all organizational costs and handling of logistics. In response to the memo, an API spokesman told media that participants will be there (at protests) because of their own concerns, and that API is just helping them assemble.[6]

To help fight climate control legislation that has been approved by the US House, API supports the Energy Citizens group, which is holding public events.[7][8] API encouraged energy company employees to attend one of its first Energy Citizen events held in Houston in August 2009, but turned away Texas residents who were not employed by the energy industry. Fast Company (magazine) reported that some attendees had no idea of the purpose of the event, and called it “astroturfing at its finest.“

Here enclosed some of API Standard that used in oil and gas industry but not used on the power project :

1. API 2B: Specification for the Fabrication of Structural Steel Pipe.
   This specification covers the fabrication of structural steel pipe formed from plate steel with Longitudinal and circumferential butt-weld seams, typically in sizes 14in Ouside Diameter (OD) and larger with wall thickness 3/8 in and greater.

This pipe is suitable for use in construction of welded Offshore Structures. And primarily intended to be use in Piling and Main Structural members.

2. API 5L:Specification for Line Pipe:
   This specification is to provide standards for pipe suitables for use in conveying GAS, WATER, and OIL in both OIL and NATURAL GAS Industries. This specification covers seamless and welded steel line pipe. Includes Plain-End, Threaded-End, Belled-end pipe, and Through-the-Flowline (TFL)pipe and pipe with ends prepared for use with special coupling.
3. API 520: Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure-Relieving Devices in Refineries
   Part I - Sizing and Selection.
   This recommended pratice applies to the sizing and selection of pressure Relief devices used in refineries and related industries for equipment that has a MAWP (Maximum Allowable Working Pressure) of 15 psig (103 kPag) or Greater. Intended to protect infired Pressure Vessels and Related Equipment againts overpressure from Operating and Fire Contingencies.
4. API 520: Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure-Relieving Devices in Refineries
   Part II - Installation
   This recommended pratice covers methode of Installation for pressure relief devices used in refineries and related industries for equipment that has a MAWP (Maximum Allowable Working Pressure) of 15 psig (103 kPag) or Greater.
5. API 526: Flanged Steel Pressure Relief valves
   This standard is a purchase specification for flanged steel pressure relief valves.
   Basic requirements are given for direct spring-loaded pressure relief valves and pilot-operated pressure relief valves as follows:
   a. Orifice Designation and area
   b. Valve size and pressure rating, inlet and outlet
   c. Materials
   d. Pressure-Temperature Limits
   e. Center-to-face dimensions, inlet and outlet
6. API Standard 530/ISO 13704:2001: Calculation of Heater-Tube Thickness in Petroleum Refineries
   This Internaitonal Standards specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the procedures and design criteria used for
   calculating the required wall thickness of new tubes for petroleum refinery heaters, for both corrosive and non-corrosive applications. Specifically for the design of refinery and related process Fired Heater Tubes (direct-fired, heat-absorbing tubes with enclosures).
7. API 541: Form-wound Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors-500 HP and Larger
   This standard covers the minimum requirements for form-wound squirrel-cage inductions motors 500 Horsepower (HP) and larger for use in Petroleum Industry Services.
8. API 560: Fired Heaters for General Refinery Service
   This standard covers the minimum requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, inspection, testing, preparation for shipment, and erection of FIRED HEATERS, AIR PREHEATERS, FANS and BURNERS for General Refinery Service.
9. API 594: Check Valves: Flanged, Lug, Wafer and Butt-Welding
   This standard covers design, material, face-to-face dimension, pressure-temperature ratings, and examinations, inspection, test requirements for two types of Check valves:
• TYPE A Check Valves: short face-to-face and can be wafer, lug or double flanges, singale plate or dual plate; gray iron, ductile iron, steel, nickel alloy or other alloy desihned for Installation between Class 125 - 250 Cast Iron Flanges as ASME B16.1, between Class 150 and 300 ductile iron flanges specifies in ASME B16.5, and between Class 150 - 600 steel pipeline flanges as specified in MSS SP-44 or carbon steel flanges as Specified in ASME B16.47
• TYPE B Check Valves are long face-to-face and can be Flanged or Butt-Welding, steel, nickel allow or other alloy designed for installation between Class 150-2500 Steel Flanges as in ASME B16.5 or for butt-welding into industry accepted piping system
10. API 598: Valve Inspection and Testing
    This standard covers inspection, examination, supplementary examinations, and pressure test requirements for resilient-seated, non-metallic-seated and metal-to-metal-seated Valves of the Gate, Globa, Plug, Ball, Check, and Butterfly type.
11. API 602: Steel gate, Globe and Check Valves for Sizes DN 100 and Smaller for the or Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries.
    ISO 15761: 2002: This International Standard Specifies the requirements for a series of compact steel gate, globe and check valves for petroleum and natural gas industry application.

Applicable to: DN 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 65, 80, and 100 corresponding to: NPS 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 3/4, 1, 1 1/4, 1 1/2, 2, 2 1/2, 3 and 4. and to pressure designation of Class 150, 300, 600, 800 and Class 1500. Class 800 is not a listed class designation but is an intermediate class number widely used for socket-welding and threaded end compact valves.

12. API 607: Testing of Valves - Fire Type-testing Requirement
    or ISO 1-497-5:2004.
    This international standard specifies fire type-testing requirements and a fire type-test methode for confirming the pressure-containing capability of valve under pressure during and after the fire test. It does not cover the testing requirements for valve actuators other than manually operated gear boxxes or similar mechanism when theses form part of the normal valve assembly.
13. API 609: Butterfly Valves: Double Flanged, Lug and Wafer Type.
    This standard covers design, material, face-to-face dimensions; pressure-temperature ratings and examination, inspection, and test requirements for Gray Iron, Ductile Iron, Bronze, Steel, Nickel base Alloy or special alloy butterfly valves that provide shuttoff in the closed position and are suitable for flow regulation.
14. API 610: Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries
    equivalent to:
    ISO 13709: 2003: Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries
    This international standard specifies requirements for centrifugal pumps, including pumps running in reverse as hydraulic power recovery turbines for use in petroleum, petrochemical and gas industry process services.
15. API 611: General Purpose Steam Turbines for Refinery Service
16. API 612: Petroleum, Petrochemical and natural Gas Industries - Steam Turbines - Special Purpose Applications
    equivalent to:
    ISO Final Draft International Standard 10437:
    This standard specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, materials, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment for Steam Turbines in special purposes services. It also covers the related lube-oil systems, instrumentation, control systems and auxiliary equipment. It is not applicable to General Purpose Steam Turbines which are covered in API Std. 611.
17. API 613: Special Purpose Gear Units for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services
    This standard covers the menimum requirements for specifial-purpose, enclosed, precission single and double-helical one and two-stage speed increasers and reducers of parallel-shaft design for petroleum, chemical and gas Industry services.
18. API 614: Lubrication, Shaft-Sealing, and Control-Oil Systems and Auxiliaries for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services.
    This international standard covers the minimum requirements for lubrication systems, oil-type shaft-sealing systems, dry gas face-type shatf-sealing systems, and control-oil systems for general purposes applications. General purpose applications are limited to lubrication systems.
19. API 616: Gas Turbines for the Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services .
    This standard covers the minimum requirements for open, simple, and regenerative-cycle combustion gas turbines units for services of mechanical drive, generator drive, or process gas generation.
20. API 617: Centrifugal Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Service Industries.

This standard covers the minimum requirements for centrifugal compressors used in petroleum, chemical, and gas industries that handle air or gas. This standard does not apply to fans or blowers that develop less than 34 kPa or 5 Psi) pressure rise above atmospheric pressure; these are covered by API Standard 673.

21. API 620: Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tank
22. API 650: Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage.
    This standard covers material, design, fabrication, erection, and tetsing requirements for vertical, cylindrical, aboveground, closed and open top, welded steel storage tank in various size and capacities for internal pressures approximating atmospheric pressure (internal pressure not exceedng the weight of the roof plates), but a higher internal pressure is permitted when additional requirements are met (see 1.1.10 of API 650).

This standard applies only to tanks whose entire bottom is uniformly supported and to tanks in nonrefrigerated service that have a maximum design temperature of 93 C (200 F) or less.

23. API 661: Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service.
    ISO 13706: 2000: Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Air Cooled Heat Exchangers.
    This International Standard gives requirements and recommendations for the designs, materials, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment of air-cooled heat exchangers for use in the petroleum and natural gas industries.
24. API 662: Plate Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Services.
    Part 1- Plate-and-Frame Heat Exchangers.
    ISO 15547-1:2006: (Identical)Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries-Plate-type Heat Exchangers-Part 1: Plate-and-Frame Heat Exchangers.

This Part of ISO 15547 gives requirements and recommendations for the mechanical designs, materials, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment of plate-and-frame heat exchangers for use in petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. It is applicbale to gasketed, semi-welded and welded plate-and-frame heat exchangers.

25. API 670: Machinery Protection Systems.
    This standard covers the minimum requirements for a machinery protection systems measuring radial shaft vibrations, casing vibration, shaft axial position shaft rotational speed, piston rod drop, phase reference, overspeed, and critical machinery temperatures (such as bearing metal and motor windings).

It covers requirements for hardware (transducer and monitor systems), installation, documentation and testing.

26. API 682: Pumps-Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps.
    ISO 21049: 2004 (identical): Pumps-Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps.

This international standard specifies requirements fand gives recommendation for sealing systems for centrifugal and rotary pumps used in the petroleum, natural gas and chemical industries.

It is applicable mainly for hazardeous, flammable and/or toxic services where a greater of reliability is requiredfor the improvement of equipment availability and the reduction of both emissions to atmosphere and life cycle sealing cost.

It covers seal pump shaft diameters from 20mm (0.75 in) to 110 mm (4.3 in).

27. API 1104: Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities
    This standard covers the gas and arc welding of butt, fillet, and socket welds in carbon and low-alloy steel piping used in the compression, pumping and transmission of crude petroleum, petroleum products, fuel gases, carbon dioxida, nitorgen and, where aplicable, covers welding on distribution system.
28. API 2218: Fireproofing Practices in Petroleum and Petrochemical Processing Plants.
    This publication is intended to provide guidance for selection, applying, and maintaining fireproofing systems that are designed to limit the extent of fire related property loss in the petroleum and petrochemical industries.
29. API 2510: Design and Construction of LPG Installation.
    This standard covers the design, construction and location of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) installation at marine and pipeline terminals, natural gas processing plants, refineries, petrochemical plants or tank farms.

This standard covers storage vessels, loading and unloading systems, piping or related equipment.

30. API 2510 A: Fire-Protection Consideration for the Design and Operation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Storage Facilities.
    This publication addresses the design, operation, and maintenance of LPG Storage facilities, from the standpoints of prevention and control of releases, fire protection design, and fire-control measures. In case of conflict, the API Standard 2510 shall prevail.
31. API RP 2A-WSD : Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms - Working Stress Design.
    This publication serves as a guide for those who are concerned with the design and construction of new platforms and for the relocation of existing platforms used for the drilling, development, storage of hydrocarbon in offshore area.

In addition, guidelines are provided for the assessment of existing platforms in the event that it become necessary to make a determination of the “fitness for purposes” of the structure.

32. API RP - 14G: Recommended Practice for Fire Prevention and Control of Fixed Open-Type Offshore Production Platforms
    This publication presents recommendations for minimizing the likelihood of having an accidental fire, and for designing, inspecting, and maintaining fire control systems.

It emphasizes the need to train personnel in fire fighting, to conduct routine drills, and to establish methodes and procedures for safe evacuations.

33. API RP - 14J: Recommended Practice for Design and Hazard Analysis for Offshore Production Facilities
    This document recommends minimum requirements and guidelines for the design and layout of production facilities on open-type offshore platforms, and it is intended to bring together in one place a brief description of basic hazard analysis procedure for offshore production facilities.
34. API RP - 521: Guide for Pressure-Relieving and Deprusuring Systems.
    This recommended practice is applicable to pressure-relieving and vapor depressuring systems.
    This recommended practice is intended to supplement the practices set forth in API Recommended Practice 520 Part-1, for establishing a basis of design.
35. API RP-577: Welding Inspection and Metallurgy
    This recommended practices provides guidance to the API authorized inspector on welding inspection as encountered with fabrication and repair of refinery and chemical plant equipment and piping.

Information reference and copy from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Petroleum_Institute
and others info from internet

Kuala Lumpur, 22 Augustus 2011, 11.52 pm